https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/introduction-to-bls-course https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1471.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to ProTrainings Basic Life Support Refresher Course Course Overview Join us for the Basic Life Support Refresher course designed specifically for Healthcare Professionals. This condensed version of our full course is perfect for those seeking a quick refresher. Course Features Aligned to UK-CSTF: Aligned with Skills for Health UK's Core Skills Training Framework for Resuscitation Skills. Interactive Learning: Watch videos, answer knowledge review questions, and take a short completion test. Flexible Learning: Start, stop, and resume the course at your convenience on any device. Subtitle Support: View text alongside videos with optional subtitles for better comprehension. Completion Certificates: Receive a completion certificate, CPD statement, and evidence-based learning statement upon passing the test. Access to Resources: Access training resources, links, and updates from the course home page. Extended Access: Enjoy course access for 8 months, even after passing the test. Supportive Assistance: Free company dashboards and ongoing support for workplace training coordinators. Stay Updated: Receive weekly email updates to keep your skills sharp and informed about new course content and blog posts. Contact Us If you have any questions or require assistance during your training, please don't hesitate to contact us via email, phone, or online chat. We appreciate your decision to choose ProTrainings. Best of luck with your course! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2633/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/pulse-points https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1391.mp4 Pulse Points Finding Pulse Points on the Body Primary Pulse Point: Radial Pulse The main pulse point to locate is the radial pulse: Location: It's found on your wrist, just below your thumb. Technique: Use two fingers with gentle pressure to detect it. Sensation: You'll feel it pulsate against your fingers. Note: Avoid using your thumb and use only one hand. Additional Pulse Points Other pulse points on the body include: Brachial Pulse: Located further up your arm. Carotid Pulse: Found on your neck. Femoral Pulse: Situated where your leg and groin bend. Popliteal Pulse: Detectable behind your knee. Pedal Pulse: On top of the foot. Pulse as a Health Indicator Your pulse can indicate your health: If you're unwell: You may lose peripheral pulses, starting with the radial pulse and pedal pulse. This protects the vital areas of your body. Carotid pulse loss occurs in cases of cardiac arrest or death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2509/Pulse_Points-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/adult-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/110.mp4 Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Recognizing and Responding 1. Understanding Choking Choking can be categorized as mild or severe, depending on the extent of airway obstruction. 1.1 Mild Choking In cases of mild choking, there's partial blockage in the throat, and the person can still cough, breathe heavily, and may even talk. Common examples include throat blockage due to a fishbone. Initial steps involve calming the person and allowing them to cough, but if the obstruction persists, seek medical help as you can't remove the object yourself. 1.2 Severe Choking Severe choking results from a complete throat blockage, often caused by large food items. The person won't be able to cough and will rapidly deteriorate, necessitating immediate intervention. 2. Recognizing Severe Choking To identify severe choking: Ask, "Are you choking?" and observe for signs. Signs include hands clutching the throat and difficulty breathing. If the person can't respond verbally, look for non-verbal cues of distress. 3. Performing Life-Saving Procedures For severe choking, take these critical actions: 3.1 Back Blows Deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades while ensuring the person leans forward slightly. Watch for the expelled object after each blow. 3.2 Abdominal Thrusts Perform five abdominal thrusts by placing your thumb side just above the belly button and giving inward and upward thrusts. Alternate with back blows until the obstruction clears or the person loses consciousness. 4. Emergency CPR If the person loses consciousness, gently lower them to the ground and initiate CPR chest compressions. The trapped air in the lungs may help expel the obstruction as you compress the chest. 5. Special Consideration for Pregnant Individuals If dealing with choking in a pregnant person, use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts, placing your fists on the middle of the breastbone and performing inward thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/173/Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/recognition-of-cardio-respiratory-arrest-healthcare-provider https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1949.mp4 Recognition of cardio respiratory arrest - healthcare provider Guidelines on Immediate CPR and Signs of Life Assessment Understanding when to initiate CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is crucial for both healthcare providers and laypersons in emergency situations. This guide outlines the recommended practices for assessing signs of life and starting CPR. Assessing Signs of Life Identifying signs of life is the first step in determining the need for CPR. Reliance solely on feeling for a pulse may lead to delays or inaccuracies in initiating life-saving procedures. Signs to Look For: Look for responses to stimuli, natural breathing patterns, or spontaneous movements as indicators of life. Lay Rescuers: Individuals without medical training should not attempt to assess a pulse but rather focus on visible signs of life. Healthcare Providers: If attempting to feel for a pulse, be sure of its presence to justify not starting CPR, noting that other signs of life should also be present. Timeframe for Decision The decision to commence CPR should be made swiftly, ideally within 10 seconds after beginning the assessment. In cases of doubt, it's safer to start CPR. CPR Technique While ventilation is an important aspect of CPR, compression-only CPR is encouraged if the rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide breaths. Compression-Only CPR: Encourage rescuers to perform compression-only CPR if they cannot provide breaths, to ensure the victim receives immediate assistance. Paediatric CPR: All rescuers should start CPR using the familiar adult compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2, even for children, if paediatric techniques are not known. Advanced Techniques for Children Specific paediatric CPR techniques, including a 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio, are recommended for those likely to encounter child resuscitation scenarios. Conclusion Initiating CPR without delay in the absence of definitive signs of life can significantly increase survival chances. Both laypersons and healthcare professionals should prioritize quick action over detailed assessments that could delay response times. ``` https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3511/Recognition_of_cardio_respiratory_arrest_-_healthcare_provider-01.jpg Yes 123 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/adult-cpr-hp https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3572.mp4 Adult CPR Healthcare Professionals - Out of hospital Comprehensive Guide to Adult CPR Learn the essential steps for performing CPR on adults, crucial for healthcare professionals and first aid responders. This guide demonstrates the procedure to ensure readiness in emergency situations. Scene Safety and Initial Response Scene Safety: Always ensure the scene is safe before approaching the casualty. Remember to stop, think, and act. Checking Responsiveness: Attempt to get a response by introducing yourself and gently tapping the casualty on the collarbone. Airway Management Use the head tilt-chin lift method to open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. Activating Emergency Services Call 999 or 112 if the casualty is not breathing, using a speakerphone to continue CPR if alone or sending someone to call for help and retrieve an AED. Performing Chest Compressions Position your hands correctly on the centre of the chest and perform 30 compressions at a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres, following a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Providing Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, deliver two rescue breaths, ensuring the chest rises with each breath. Avoid over-inflation. CPR Cycle Continuation Repeat the cycle of 30 compressions and two breaths, swapping rescuers every two minutes to maintain CPR efficiency until professional help arrives or an AED is deployed. Using Barriers for Mouth-to-Mouth Consider using face shields, pocket masks, or BVMs for hygiene and effectiveness in delivering rescue breaths. Key Takeaways Ensure quick action once identifying a casualty in need. Maintain consistent and effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. Utilise available resources, such as AEDs and barrier devices, for enhanced safety and efficiency. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6391/Adult_CPR_Healthcare_Professionals_-_Out_of_hospital-01.jpg Yes 316 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/compression-only-cpr-hcp https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3576.mp4 Compression only CPR Healthcare Professional Chest-Only Compressions CPR Guide Understanding the critical technique of performing chest-only compressions for CPR, an alternative method when rescue breaths are not possible. Introduction to Chest-Only CPR Chest-only compressions CPR is a lifesaving technique employed when providing rescue breaths is not feasible due to various reasons such as lack of personal protective equipment, presence of vomit, or facial injuries. Why Choose Chest-Only Compressions? Effective in circulating trapped oxygen in the bloodstream. Facilitates minimal air exchange by compressing and releasing the chest. Can sustain life until professional help arrives. Procedure for Chest-Only CPR Scene Safety: Ensure the area is safe before approaching the casualty. Assessing the Casualty: Check for responsiveness and breathing after opening the airway. Calling for Help: Immediately call emergency services if the casualty is not breathing. Performing Compressions: Deliver continuous chest compressions at a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres and a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Executing Compressions Effectively Interlock your hands and press down on the centre of the chest, ensuring to maintain the correct depth and rate without interruption for rescue breaths. Communication and Rotation Utilise speakerphone or bystander assistance to maintain communication with emergency services. Rotate with a second rescuer every two minutes to maintain the effectiveness of compressions. Key Points to Remember Continuous chest compressions can still allow for minimal air exchange. Maintain consistent compression depth and rate for maximum effectiveness. Collaboration and clear communication enhance the rescue effort. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6395/Compression_only_CPR_Healthcare_Professional-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/respiration-and-breathing https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1390.mp4 Respiration and Breathing Recognizing Breathing Difficulties in First Aid Normal Breathing Signs Rising and Falling Chest: Look for the chest's symmetrical rise and fall on both sides. Sign of Comfort: The patient should display no signs of distress. Steady Breath: Breathing should be quiet, regular, and consistent. Signs of Breathing Difficulty When someone experiences difficulty breathing, there are key indicators to observe: Distress: They may appear distressed and anxious. Conscious Effort: The individual might consciously think about their breathing, which is unusual. Rapid Respiration: Their respiratory rate and effort will increase significantly. Asthma Symptoms: In cases of asthma, they may wheeze or describe tightness in the chest. Symmetrical Chest Movement: Even when experiencing difficulty, their chest should still rise and fall equally on both sides. First Aid for Asthma When assisting an asthma patient: Comfortable Position: Allow them to sit in a position they find most comfortable; they often prefer sitting down with hunched shoulders. Respect Their Choice: Let the patient decide the position that suits them best. Recognizing Serious Conditions Some serious conditions affecting breathing include: Pneumothorax: In this condition, one lung isn't functioning correctly. Severe Distress: Patients with pneumothorax will be incredibly distressed, express an inability to breathe, and seek help. Asymmetrical Chest Movement: With pneumothorax, only one side of the chest will visibly move; the affected side won't. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2507/Respiration_and_Breathing-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/universal-precautions- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2685.mp4 Universal Precautions Universal Precautions for Healthcare Providers in Out-of-Hospital Settings For healthcare professionals, maintaining safety and hygiene outside the clinical environment is crucial. This guide revisits the essentials of universal precautions to ensure your protection in various settings. Gaining Consent Before assisting anyone, it's vital to obtain their consent. If the individual is unconscious, assume consent to provide necessary aid, acting within the scope of your training and in good faith. Infection Protection Minimizing infection risk is paramount: Use of Disposable Gloves: Always carry disposable gloves and ensure they are the correct size and free from defects before use. Proper Glove Usage: Carefully don the gloves to avoid tearing, paying attention to rings and nails. Ensure maximum coverage up to the wrist. Safe Glove Removal: Remove gloves without touching the exterior to prevent skin contact with contaminated surfaces. Dispose of gloves properly in sealable bio-hazard bags. Changing Gloves Change gloves between treating different individuals to prevent cross-infection. Managing Sharps Dispose of used sharps in designated containers to mitigate infection risk. In non-hospital settings, coordinate with emergency services for safe disposal. Resuscitation Precautions Outside of hospital settings, use pocket masks or face shields for resuscitations to protect against infection. Hand Hygiene When hand-washing facilities are unavailable, use hand gel as an alternative, ensuring thorough application. Assessing the Scene Always evaluate potential hazards in the environment before providing assistance. Prioritize your safety to ensure you can provide help without putting yourself at risk. Conclusion By adhering to these universal precautions, healthcare providers can maintain their safety and hygiene when assisting individuals outside of hospital settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4795/Universal_Precautions-01.jpg Yes 259 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/introduction-to-the-abcde-approach https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1277.mp4 Introduction to the ABCDE Approach ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Understanding the ABCDE Approach When providing care for a patient, the standard ABCDE approach is essential. This approach aligns with critical care protocols and ensures a systematic assessment and treatment plan. ABCDE stands for: Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Initial Assessment Before delving into the ABCDE breakdown, it's crucial to perform a comprehensive initial assessment and conduct regular reassessments. Prioritize addressing life-threatening issues before moving on to other aspects of the assessment. Continuously evaluate the impact of the treatments you administer. Calling for Assistance Early intervention is paramount. Don't hesitate to call for help, whether it's summoning an ambulance or a resuscitation team. Enlist the aid of bystanders to assist and manage the situation. When professional help arrives, ensure effective communication and coordination to facilitate simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Initial Treatment Goals The primary objective of initial treatments is to preserve the patient's life and achieve some degree of clinical improvement. This buys time for further treatment and the arrival of expert assistance. Keep in mind that it may take a few minutes for treatments to take effect, so maintain composure and remain vigilant. Adaptability of the ABCDE Approach The beauty of the ABCDE approach lies in its universal applicability, regardless of your level of clinical training and experience. The extent of your assessment and the treatments administered will depend on your knowledge and skills. If you encounter a problem or uncertainty, don't hesitate to seek assistance. Initial Stages Overview Prior to diving into the ABCDE approach, it's essential to adhere to certain initial stages: Ensure Personal Safety: Always prioritize your own safety. General Patient Assessment: Observe the patient's overall appearance. Assess their consciousness level by asking questions like, "How are you?" If the patient is unresponsive, gently tap them and inquire, "Are you all right?" Lack of response can be indicative of critical illness. Early Vital Signs Monitoring: Attach devices like a pulse oximeter, ECG monitor, and non-invasive blood pressure monitor as early as possible. If trained, insert an intravenous cannula promptly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2265/Introduction_to_the_ABCDE_Approach-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/paediatric-cpr-introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/737.mp4 Child CPR for Healthcare Professionals CPR for Healthcare Professionals Understanding the nuances of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for healthcare professionals, including the differences from standard first aid practices and adaptations for children and infants. Introduction to CPR Variations CPR guidelines vary between first aiders and healthcare professionals, with specific adaptations for children and infants. It's essential for healthcare professionals to be familiar with these distinctions and apply them according to their work setting. Differences in CPR Techniques The primary variation in CPR for healthcare professionals lies in the compression ratios, especially for children and infants, where the ratio changes from 30:2 to 15:2. This section details the procedure and the rationale behind the adjustments. Adapting to Your Environment Understanding Local Rules: Healthcare settings may have specific CPR protocols. Consult with your resuscitation officer for guidance. Outside the Hospital: When responding to emergencies in non-clinical settings, healthcare professionals must adapt their approach while maintaining their duty to respond. Communication is Key Effective communication with bystanders, first aiders, or family members is crucial in emergency situations. Emphasizing the importance of clear instructions and sensitivity to others' emotional states during such critical times. Conclusion For healthcare professionals, the ability to switch between standard first aid and professional CPR protocols, depending on the setting and the patient's age, is vital. Awareness of local policies and clear communication with those involved can significantly impact the outcome of CPR efforts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1361/Child_CPR_for_Healthcare_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/infant-cpr-healthcare-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/288.mp4 Infant CPR for Health Professionals Infant CPR for Healthcare Professionals This guide outlines the essential steps for healthcare professionals to perform CPR on infants, highlighting the differences from first aid procedures and the importance of quick and appropriate action. CPR Guidelines Overview Healthcare professionals face two CPR guideline options based on the environment: the standard first aider approach (30 compressions to 2 breaths) and the healthcare professional approach (15 compressions to 2 breaths). Preparation and Consent Ensure scene safety, wear protective gloves, and obtain consent if possible. Assess the infant's responsiveness and, in the absence of any signs of life, prepare to initiate CPR. Opening the Airway Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open the airway, ensuring it's in a neutral position to avoid obstruction. Assessment and Activation of Assistance Check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, activate emergency services, especially if performing CPR solo. Delivering Initial Breaths Seal your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to deliver five initial breaths, observing for chest rise without overinflation. Performing Chest Compressions Use two fingers to perform 15 compressions at a third of the chest depth, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Alternate Compression Method For healthcare settings, an alternative method using thumbs for compressions may be used, especially when CPR is performed by multiple responders. Continuing CPR Cycle After initial compressions and breaths, continue the cycle of 15 compressions to 2 breaths until assistance arrives or the infant shows signs of life. Conclusion Healthcare professionals must adapt their CPR technique based on their professional judgment and the specific situation, always aiming to provide the most effective care for the infant in distress. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/523/Infant_CPR_for_Health_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 313 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/course-summary-optionalblended https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4815.mp4 Course Summary Congratulations on Completing Your Course! Flexible Learning Options Our courses offer the flexibility of 100% online learning. Additionally, you have the option to enhance your skills with a practical session. Practical Skills Session If you prefer hands-on training, our approved and monitored instructors can conduct practical skills sessions at your workplace, regional training centres, or even virtually through our online training platform. Locating a Local Instructor If you need assistance finding a nearby instructor or wish to arrange a workplace visit, please get in touch with us via phone, email, or our online chat feature. Access and Review You'll have access to the course for eight months, allowing you to revisit and refresh your skills. Keep an eye out for any new instructional videos we may add. Course Test Now, it's time to take the course test. You have the opportunity to review videos, documents, and student resources before starting the test. Test Guidelines The test has no time limit but must be completed in one sitting. Questions include multiple-choice and true/false. Incorrect answers prompt additional guidance, and you can make different choices without affecting your final score. Adaptive Testing System Our adaptive testing system ensures that each participant receives different questions. Successful completion of each course section is required. If you don't pass a section, extra questions will be provided, and you can retake the test after reviewing course materials. Completion Certificates Once you pass the test, you can print your completion certificate. Visit the course homepage anytime to print your Certified CPD statement and evidence-based learning statement. Explore Our Offerings ProTrainings offers a wide range of courses, with over 300 available at regional centres or your workplace. Many are offered as remote virtual courses, with live online instruction. Contact Us For course inquiries or group training solutions, please reach out to us at 01206 805359 or via email at support@protrainings.uk. Thank you for selecting ProTrainings! Best of luck with your test. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8581/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/abcde-approach-to-patient-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1276.mp4 ABCDE Approach to Patient Care ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Exploring the ABCDE Approach Let's delve deeper into patient care by expanding the ABCD approach and adding "E" to it, transforming it into the comprehensive ABCDE approach. A - Airway The "A" in ABCDE represents the Airway. Any airway obstruction is a critical emergency, necessitating immediate expert intervention. In many cases, airway obstruction occurs due to the tongue falling to the back of the throat. To assess and maintain the airway, consider the Head Tilt – Chin Lift technique. However, if you suspect a spinal injury, opt for the Jaw Thrust method. Clearing the airway allows the casualty to breathe. B - Breathing Next, the "B" signifies Breathing. In the primary assessment of breathing, it's crucial to promptly identify and address life-threatening conditions such as the absence of breathing. Assess breathing by opening the airway, positioning your ear near their mouth to observe. Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. Ensure you can differentiate regular breathing from agonal breathing. If the casualty isn't breathing, initiate CPR immediately. Wheezing, often caused by bronchospasms, is common in conditions like anaphylaxis. Oxygen should be administered to all critically ill patients. C - Circulation The "C" denotes Circulation. Check for adequate blood circulation by assessing capillary refill in an uninjured toe or finger and by feeling for a radial pulse. While you can also check for a Carotid pulse in the neck, it provides less information about blood pressure than the radial pulse. Note that femoral pulses are typically not assessed in a pre-hospital setting. Patients in anaphylactic shock may exhibit significantly low blood pressure. D - Disability The "D" represents Disability, focusing on any abnormalities not covered in the previous assessments. For conscious patients who can communicate, inquire about unusual sensations, pain, or any abnormal feelings. This information can be invaluable, as it may reveal hidden issues not detected in the primary assessment. Internal problems like chest pain or nausea may also be disclosed by the casualty. E - Exposure Finally, "E" stands for Exposure. To conduct a thorough examination, it's essential to expose the patient fully. Some changes, such as skin abnormalities, may be difficult to discern without full exposure. Prioritize maintaining the patient's warmth and dignity during this process. Gather a comprehensive clinical history from the patient, their relatives, friends, and other healthcare staff. If possible, review the patient's medical notes and charts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. Guidelines for the ABCDE Approach When following the ABCDE approach, always seek assistance and operate within your training and qualifications. Do not attempt any procedure unless you are fully qualified and authorised to do so. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2263/ABCDE_Approach_to_Patient_Care-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/refresher/video/advanced-decision-and-dnr-cpr-in-basic-life-support https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2907.mp4 Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support Respecting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Emergency Care This guide provides essential information about understanding and respecting DNR orders during resuscitation scenarios. What are DNR Orders? DNR orders are legal directives made by patients, often those with terminal illnesses, choosing not to undergo resuscitation efforts at the end of life. These decisions are made in consultation with medical professionals and family members. Identification of DNR Orders DNR orders are usually documented on a red form, signed by the patient, their GP, and nursing staff. The patient's cognitive ability to make such a decision is crucial during the process. Protocol for Healthcare Providers Presence of DNR Orders During an Emergency It is mandatory for a DNR order to be physically present and accessible during a cardiac arrest or at the time of death. Family members should be able to present the DNR order to healthcare providers before resuscitation begins. Actions in the Absence of DNR Orders In cases where a DNR order is not readily available or there is uncertainty, healthcare providers have a duty of care to initiate resuscitation. Always verify the existence of a DNR order before ceasing resuscitation efforts. Guidance for Responding to DNR Orders Verification is Key If informed about a DNR order verbally, request to see the document. If in doubt, proceed with resuscitation until further clarification is obtained. Legal Protection for Rescuers Attempting resuscitation in the absence of a DNR order is legally protected. It is better to err on the side of caution and begin resuscitation until qualified medical personnel arrive or until you receive official confirmation to stop. Conclusion DNR orders are vital in respecting the end-of-life wishes of patients. However, in emergency situations, always seek to confirm the presence of a DNR order before altering standard resuscitation procedures. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5207/Advanced_Decision_and_DNR_CPR_in_Basic_Life_Support-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/chain-of-survival-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/94.mp4 Chain of Survival The Chain of Survival: Giving Cardiac Arrest Patients the Best Chance of Survival The Chain of Survival describes the essential steps that give a person in cardiac arrest the best possible chance of surviving and recovering with a good quality of life. Each link in the chain is vital, and every second counts. If any one link is weak or delayed, the chances of survival fall dramatically. When all links are strong, outcomes improve and more people return to their families and communities. Link 1: Early Recognition and Calling for Help The first link focuses on recognising serious illness early and calling for help before cardiac arrest occurs. Early warning signs may include: Sudden collapse Difficulty breathing Chest pain Rapid deterioration or reduced responsiveness If you suspect someone is becoming seriously unwell or unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately. Early activation of emergency medical services (EMS) ensures advanced care is on the way as soon as possible. In some cases, early intervention may even prevent cardiac arrest from happening. Link 2: Early CPR and Defibrillation This link is about preserving the brain and restarting the heart. If a person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing normally, they are in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately High-quality chest compressions maintain blood flow to the brain and vital organs Defibrillation is the next critical step. Early use of an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) dramatically improves survival. Modern AEDs are safe, simple to use, and provide clear voice prompts. The sooner a shock is delivered, the greater the chance of restoring a normal heart rhythm. Link 3: Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care When the heart restarts, this is known as ROSC – Return of Spontaneous Circulation. At this point, care must continue immediately. This stage focuses on optimising brain and heart function and preventing further deterioration. Key priorities include: Maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation Stabilising blood pressure Treating ongoing or recurrent arrhythmias Identifying and correcting reversible causes This phase is critical for protecting the brain, supporting the heart, and reducing the risk of another cardiac arrest. Link 4: Survival and Recovery The final link focuses on restoring quality of life. Survival is not just about restarting the heart. It is about helping the person recover physically, mentally, and emotionally. This stage may involve: Specialist neurological care Rehabilitation and physiotherapy Management of long-term heart or medical conditions Emotional and psychological support Good post-resuscitation care helps patients regain independence and return to a meaningful life after cardiac arrest. Why the Chain of Survival Matters The Chain of Survival highlights that every link matters: Early Recognition and Calling for Help Early CPR and Defibrillation Advanced and Post-Resuscitation Care Survival and Recovery When each link is strong, more lives are saved, and more people return to their families and communities with positive long-term outcomes. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/141/Chain_of_Survival.jpg Yes 187 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/infant-recovery-position https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/284.mp4 Infant Recovery Position Recovery Position for Infants Differences in the Recovery Position Using the recovery position for adults and children differs significantly from what you should do when dealing with an infant (under 1 year old). It's crucial to adapt your approach for their specific needs. Steps for Infant Recovery Follow these steps when dealing with an unconscious infant: Cradle the Infant: After confirming no injuries and checking for breathing, cradle the infant in your arms. Hold them facing you with their head tilted downward. Proper Support: Support their body using your arm and one hand while your other hand cradles their head securely. Choking and Vomit Prevention: This position prevents choking on the tongue or inhaling vomit. It also allows for easy monitoring. Continual Monitoring: Regularly check for breathing and assess their circulation by observing the color of their lips. Keep a close watch for signs of regaining consciousness. Comfort and Warmth: Holding them this way provides comfort and warmth to the infant during this critical time. Calling for Help If necessary, you can call emergency services or ask someone for assistance. However, ensure that you remain cautious while moving around. Your primary focus must always be on the infant's well-being, but it's equally important to avoid accidents like slipping, tripping, or falling. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/515/Infant_Recovery_Position-01.jpg Yes 74 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/110.mp4 Adult Choking Dealing with Choking: Recognizing and Responding 1. Understanding Choking Choking can be categorized as mild or severe, depending on the extent of airway obstruction. 1.1 Mild Choking In cases of mild choking, there's partial blockage in the throat, and the person can still cough, breathe heavily, and may even talk. Common examples include throat blockage due to a fishbone. Initial steps involve calming the person and allowing them to cough, but if the obstruction persists, seek medical help as you can't remove the object yourself. 1.2 Severe Choking Severe choking results from a complete throat blockage, often caused by large food items. The person won't be able to cough and will rapidly deteriorate, necessitating immediate intervention. 2. Recognizing Severe Choking To identify severe choking: Ask, "Are you choking?" and observe for signs. Signs include hands clutching the throat and difficulty breathing. If the person can't respond verbally, look for non-verbal cues of distress. 3. Performing Life-Saving Procedures For severe choking, take these critical actions: 3.1 Back Blows Deliver five back blows between the shoulder blades while ensuring the person leans forward slightly. Watch for the expelled object after each blow. 3.2 Abdominal Thrusts Perform five abdominal thrusts by placing your thumb side just above the belly button and giving inward and upward thrusts. Alternate with back blows until the obstruction clears or the person loses consciousness. 4. Emergency CPR If the person loses consciousness, gently lower them to the ground and initiate CPR chest compressions. The trapped air in the lungs may help expel the obstruction as you compress the chest. 5. Special Consideration for Pregnant Individuals If dealing with choking in a pregnant person, use chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts, placing your fists on the middle of the breastbone and performing inward thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/173/Adult_Choking-01.jpg Yes 310 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/heart-attacks-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/108.mp4 Heart Attack Understanding Heart Attacks and Sudden Cardiac Arrest 1. Differentiating Between Heart Attack and Sudden Cardiac Arrest It's essential to grasp the distinction between these two cardiac events: Heart Attack: A heart attack results from a heart in distress due to blocked blood flow, causing major damage. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA): SCA occurs when the heart abruptly stops beating altogether. 1.1 The Severity of Heart Attacks Heart attacks are incredibly serious due to the risk of sudden cardiac arrest: Approximately 200,000 deaths annually are attributed to heart and circulatory diseases. Of these, around 90,000 fatalities result from sudden cardiac arrest. Each year in the UK, there are approximately 125,000 heart attack cases. 1.2 Heart Health and Blockages Understanding how heart issues develop over time: Plaque buildup in the heart can lead to blood vessel narrowing and blockages. These blockages, along with muscular spasms, can occur without noticeable symptoms until a heart attack strikes. 2. Recognizing Heart Attack Symptoms Identifying the signs of a heart attack is crucial: Common symptoms include: Chest discomfort and pressure Pain below the breastbone Pain radiating to the left arm, back, jaw, throat, or arms Indigestion-like sensations Sweating, nausea, vomiting Dizziness, extreme weakness Anxiety, shortness of breath Rapid or irregular pulse Feelings of fear and impending doom A heart attack may not always lead to cardiac arrest, but it should never be underestimated. Immediate action is imperative. 2.1 Responding to a Heart Attack What to do when you suspect a heart attack: Call emergency services without delay. Have the person sit on the floor, leaning against a stable surface. Elevate their legs with feet flat and leaning slightly forward to reduce cardiac stress. Stay with the individual, keeping them calm. Consider offering a 300mg aspirin tablet to chew (not swallow) as it can help thin the blood. When the emergency services arrive, provide them with detailed information about the situation and any assistance you've given. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/169/Heart_Attack-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/first-aid-vs-bls-healthcare-professionals https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/746.mp4 First Aid vs BLS Healthcare Professionals Differences Between First Aid and Professional Care in CPR Ensuring Safety and Proper Technique Key Principles for Both First Aid and Professional Care Self-Protection: Always prioritize personal safety and wear gloves. Common Skills: Techniques like the recovery position and dealing with choking remain consistent. CPR Guidelines Divergence in CPR Approaches First Aid: Simplicity and Accessibility The guidelines aim for simplicity and ease of recall, with uniform standards for child, adult, and infant CPR. First aiders have limited training and a lower level of responsibility. Access to advanced equipment is generally not available in a first aid setting. Professional Healthcare: Adapting to Complexity Healthcare professionals follow different guidelines due to their advanced training, resources, and higher duty of care. Flexibility in care ratios is permitted based on specific situations. Collaboration with first aiders requires clear communication and guidance. Paediatric CPR Emphasizing Simplification and Bystander Resuscitation Simplified guidelines aim to encourage bystander resuscitation for children, who often receive no help due to rescuer concerns. Distinct differences exist between adult and paediatric cardiac arrest, mainly related to respiratory issues in children. Healthcare professionals adapt their training to optimize outcomes for paediatric cases. Assessment and Decision-Making Quick and Effective Evaluation Decision to initiate CPR should take no more than 10 seconds, relying on the initial assessment. Healthcare professionals prioritize signs of life (response to stimuli, normal breathing, spontaneous movement) over pulse checks. In a hospital setting, adherence to institutional guidelines and protocols is essential. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1351/First_Aid_vs_BLS_Healthcare_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 261 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/child-choking-conscious-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/170.mp4 Choking in children Dealing with Choking: Adult and Child Types of Obstruction Mild Airway Obstruction: Involves discomfort, potential pain, and distress due to a partial blockage (e.g., fishbone or small object). Severe Airway Obstruction: Represents a complete blockage, preventing breathing, talking, or coughing and may lead to unconsciousness if not addressed. Dealing with Choking on an Adult Assess Breathing: Ask the person if they are choking; if they can talk, they can breathe. Encourage Coughing: Support and keep the person calm, encouraging them to cough to clear the obstruction. Observe the Mouth: If the obstruction is visible, attempt to remove it without inserting fingers deeply into the mouth. Dealing with Choking on a Child Size Considerations: Kneel behind the child due to their smaller size; anticipate distress and the need for forcefulness. Back Blows: Stand behind and to the side of the child, delivering five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades using the heel of your hand. Abdominal Thrusts: Perform abdominal thrusts by making a fist and placing it between the child's belly button and the bottom of their breastbone; perform five sharp inward and upward pulls with the other hand on top of the fist. Repeat If Necessary: If the obstruction persists, repeat five back blows and five abdominal thrusts, checking each time. Emergency Actions If Obstruction Persists: Continue attempts to clear the obstruction; call emergency services if not done already. Loss of Consciousness: If the child loses consciousness, gently guide them to the floor, avoiding injury; initiate CPR if not breathing. After Successful Removal Assess and Calm: Sit the child down and keep them calm; seek medical attention to check for any injuries resulting from the thrusts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/293/Choking_in_children-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/infant-choking-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/172.mp4 Infant Choking How to Respond When an Infant is Choking Choking is a critical emergency, especially in infants, requiring swift and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes. Understanding Choking in Infants Infants are more prone to choking on food or small objects. Quick action is essential in these situations to ensure their safety. Mild vs. Severe Choking Mild Obstruction: Some air passage remains, and the infant can cough. Severe Obstruction: Airway is completely blocked, preventing breathing, crying, or coughing. Immediate Actions for Severe Choking Follow these steps carefully to assist a choking infant: Step 1: Back Blows Lay the infant face down along your thigh while sitting. Support their head with one hand. With the heel of your other hand, give up to five firm back-blows between the shoulder blades. Check between blows for any dislodged obstruction. Step 2: Checking the Mouth Turn the infant over and lay them on your leg face-up to inspect their mouth: Remove visible obstructions carefully. Avoid blind finger sweeps. Step 3: Chest Thrusts While the infant is still lying face-up on your leg, locate the breastbone. Perform up to five chest thrusts using two thumbs with your hands around the chest, pressing inwards and downwards. Repeat back blows and chest thrusts if the obstruction remains. If the Infant Becomes Unconscious Immediately check for breathing and prepare to start CPR if there is no breath. Call Emergency Services or have someone call them if not done already. Conclusion Being prepared to act in a choking emergency can save an infant's life. Practice and familiarity with these procedures can make a critical difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/297/infant_choking.jpg Yes 231 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/cpr-general-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/246.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to Level 2 Basic Life Support Course Course Overview Join us for the Level 2 Basic Life Support for Health Care Professionals course, provided by ProTrainings. This course is aligned with the Skills for Health UK Core Skills Training Framework (UK-CSTF) for resuscitation skills, tailored for clinical workers. Course Features Comprehensive Coverage: Includes adult, pediatric, and newborn life support skills. Interactive Learning: Watch videos, answer knowledge review questions, and complete a short test. Flexible Learning: Start and stop the course at your convenience, and revisit videos anytime. Multi-Device Compatibility: Access the course on any device, from computer to smartphone or tablet. Supportive Resources: Detailed text accompanies each video, with optional subtitles for further understanding. Assistance Available: Receive additional help if needed, especially for incorrect answers during assessments. Certificates and Downloads: Obtain completion certificates and other resources upon passing the test. Continuous Updates: Regularly updated content ensures relevance and accuracy. Extended Access: Enjoy access to the course for eight months, even after passing. Company Solutions: Free company dashboards available for workplace training coordinators. Stay Updated Register to receive weekly video refresher emails every Monday morning to keep your skills sharp. These emails also provide updates from our blog. You can manage your subscription preferences at any time. Contact Us If you have any queries or require further information about our courses or company solutions, please reach out to us via email, phone, or online chat. We appreciate your choice in ProTrainings and wish you success in your course. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/439/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 138 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/optional-basic-life-support-practical https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1291.mp4 Optional basic life support practical by Zoom Enhance Your Learning Experience with a Practical Component Step-by-Step Guide to Upgrading Your Course Enhance your online learning with a practical assessment for a comprehensive qualification. Completing the Online Course Start by finishing the online course module to lay a solid theoretical foundation. Purchasing the Practical Kit Visit our online store, accessible at the bottom of any page on our websites. Purchase the inflatable manikin and skill evaluation session. Scheduling Your Assessment Upon receiving your manikin, contact us to arrange a virtual assessment via Zoom. Options Post-Assessment Retain the manikin for future training sessions. Opt for a partial refund by returning the manikin. Face-to-Face Training Opportunities For a more hands-on experience, inquire about our in-person practical training sessions. Contact Us For more details or to discuss your training needs, please feel free to reach out to us. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2299/Optional_basic_life_support_practical_by_Zoom-01.jpg Yes 47 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/introduction-to-the-abcde-approach https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1277.mp4 Introduction to the ABCDE Approach ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Understanding the ABCDE Approach When providing care for a patient, the standard ABCDE approach is essential. This approach aligns with critical care protocols and ensures a systematic assessment and treatment plan. ABCDE stands for: Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Initial Assessment Before delving into the ABCDE breakdown, it's crucial to perform a comprehensive initial assessment and conduct regular reassessments. Prioritize addressing life-threatening issues before moving on to other aspects of the assessment. Continuously evaluate the impact of the treatments you administer. Calling for Assistance Early intervention is paramount. Don't hesitate to call for help, whether it's summoning an ambulance or a resuscitation team. Enlist the aid of bystanders to assist and manage the situation. When professional help arrives, ensure effective communication and coordination to facilitate simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Initial Treatment Goals The primary objective of initial treatments is to preserve the patient's life and achieve some degree of clinical improvement. This buys time for further treatment and the arrival of expert assistance. Keep in mind that it may take a few minutes for treatments to take effect, so maintain composure and remain vigilant. Adaptability of the ABCDE Approach The beauty of the ABCDE approach lies in its universal applicability, regardless of your level of clinical training and experience. The extent of your assessment and the treatments administered will depend on your knowledge and skills. If you encounter a problem or uncertainty, don't hesitate to seek assistance. Initial Stages Overview Prior to diving into the ABCDE approach, it's essential to adhere to certain initial stages: Ensure Personal Safety: Always prioritize your own safety. General Patient Assessment: Observe the patient's overall appearance. Assess their consciousness level by asking questions like, "How are you?" If the patient is unresponsive, gently tap them and inquire, "Are you all right?" Lack of response can be indicative of critical illness. Early Vital Signs Monitoring: Attach devices like a pulse oximeter, ECG monitor, and non-invasive blood pressure monitor as early as possible. If trained, insert an intravenous cannula promptly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2265/Introduction_to_the_ABCDE_Approach-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/respiration-and-breathing https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1390.mp4 Respiration and Breathing Recognizing Breathing Difficulties in First Aid Normal Breathing Signs Rising and Falling Chest: Look for the chest's symmetrical rise and fall on both sides. Sign of Comfort: The patient should display no signs of distress. Steady Breath: Breathing should be quiet, regular, and consistent. Signs of Breathing Difficulty When someone experiences difficulty breathing, there are key indicators to observe: Distress: They may appear distressed and anxious. Conscious Effort: The individual might consciously think about their breathing, which is unusual. Rapid Respiration: Their respiratory rate and effort will increase significantly. Asthma Symptoms: In cases of asthma, they may wheeze or describe tightness in the chest. Symmetrical Chest Movement: Even when experiencing difficulty, their chest should still rise and fall equally on both sides. First Aid for Asthma When assisting an asthma patient: Comfortable Position: Allow them to sit in a position they find most comfortable; they often prefer sitting down with hunched shoulders. Respect Their Choice: Let the patient decide the position that suits them best. Recognizing Serious Conditions Some serious conditions affecting breathing include: Pneumothorax: In this condition, one lung isn't functioning correctly. Severe Distress: Patients with pneumothorax will be incredibly distressed, express an inability to breathe, and seek help. Asymmetrical Chest Movement: With pneumothorax, only one side of the chest will visibly move; the affected side won't. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2507/Respiration_and_Breathing-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/pulse-points https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1391.mp4 Pulse Points Finding Pulse Points on the Body Primary Pulse Point: Radial Pulse The main pulse point to locate is the radial pulse: Location: It's found on your wrist, just below your thumb. Technique: Use two fingers with gentle pressure to detect it. Sensation: You'll feel it pulsate against your fingers. Note: Avoid using your thumb and use only one hand. Additional Pulse Points Other pulse points on the body include: Brachial Pulse: Located further up your arm. Carotid Pulse: Found on your neck. Femoral Pulse: Situated where your leg and groin bend. Popliteal Pulse: Detectable behind your knee. Pedal Pulse: On top of the foot. Pulse as a Health Indicator Your pulse can indicate your health: If you're unwell: You may lose peripheral pulses, starting with the radial pulse and pedal pulse. This protects the vital areas of your body. Carotid pulse loss occurs in cases of cardiac arrest or death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2509/Pulse_Points-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/abcde-approach-to-patient-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1276.mp4 ABCDE Approach to Patient Care ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Exploring the ABCDE Approach Let's delve deeper into patient care by expanding the ABCD approach and adding "E" to it, transforming it into the comprehensive ABCDE approach. A - Airway The "A" in ABCDE represents the Airway. Any airway obstruction is a critical emergency, necessitating immediate expert intervention. In many cases, airway obstruction occurs due to the tongue falling to the back of the throat. To assess and maintain the airway, consider the Head Tilt – Chin Lift technique. However, if you suspect a spinal injury, opt for the Jaw Thrust method. Clearing the airway allows the casualty to breathe. B - Breathing Next, the "B" signifies Breathing. In the primary assessment of breathing, it's crucial to promptly identify and address life-threatening conditions such as the absence of breathing. Assess breathing by opening the airway, positioning your ear near their mouth to observe. Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. Ensure you can differentiate regular breathing from agonal breathing. If the casualty isn't breathing, initiate CPR immediately. Wheezing, often caused by bronchospasms, is common in conditions like anaphylaxis. Oxygen should be administered to all critically ill patients. C - Circulation The "C" denotes Circulation. Check for adequate blood circulation by assessing capillary refill in an uninjured toe or finger and by feeling for a radial pulse. While you can also check for a Carotid pulse in the neck, it provides less information about blood pressure than the radial pulse. Note that femoral pulses are typically not assessed in a pre-hospital setting. Patients in anaphylactic shock may exhibit significantly low blood pressure. D - Disability The "D" represents Disability, focusing on any abnormalities not covered in the previous assessments. For conscious patients who can communicate, inquire about unusual sensations, pain, or any abnormal feelings. This information can be invaluable, as it may reveal hidden issues not detected in the primary assessment. Internal problems like chest pain or nausea may also be disclosed by the casualty. E - Exposure Finally, "E" stands for Exposure. To conduct a thorough examination, it's essential to expose the patient fully. Some changes, such as skin abnormalities, may be difficult to discern without full exposure. Prioritize maintaining the patient's warmth and dignity during this process. Gather a comprehensive clinical history from the patient, their relatives, friends, and other healthcare staff. If possible, review the patient's medical notes and charts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. Guidelines for the ABCDE Approach When following the ABCDE approach, always seek assistance and operate within your training and qualifications. Do not attempt any procedure unless you are fully qualified and authorised to do so. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2263/ABCDE_Approach_to_Patient_Care-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/introduction-to-choking https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1385.mp4 Choking Recognition Dealing with Choking: Recognize, Assess, and Respond 1. Choking: A Manageable Emergency Choking, while not a common cause of death, often occurs during eating or in social settings. Timely action can be a lifesaver, as victims are initially conscious and responsive. 2. Recognizing Choking Key to a successful response is differentiating choking from other medical emergencies such as fainting, heart attacks, or seizures. Look for signs like sudden respiratory distress, cyanosis, or loss of consciousness. 3. Choking Risk Factors Choking typically happens while eating or drinking and can be more likely in individuals with certain risk factors: Reduced consciousness Drug or alcohol intoxication Neurological impairment affecting swallowing and cough reflex Respiratory disease Mental impairments or dementia Dental problems Older age 4. Identifying Severity of Choking Ask the conscious victim, "Are you choking?" to determine the severity: If they can speak, cough, and breathe, it's a mild obstruction. If they can't speak, have a weakened cough, or struggle to breathe, it's severe. 5. Treatment Approach We'll explore choking treatment in detail in later videos, but here's a brief overview: For mild obstruction, encourage coughing. Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are for severe obstructions. Success rates improve with combinations of techniques. Bystander-initiated chest compressions for unconscious victims can be effective. 6. Aftercare and Seeking Medical Advice Even after successful choking treatment, victims may have residual foreign material in their airways. Look for symptoms like persistent cough or difficulty swallowing and advise victims to seek medical evaluation. Caution: Abdominal thrusts and chest compressions can potentially cause internal injuries, so victims treated with these methods should be examined by medical professionals afterward. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2489/Choking_Recognition-01.jpg Yes 188 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/when-to-call-for-assistance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1946.mp4 When to call for assistance Calling for Help and Starting CPR: What to Do First As soon as you realise a casualty is unresponsive, call the emergency services immediately and ask for an ambulance. Use your mobile phone on speakerphone so you can begin CPR while speaking to the call handler. If someone is with you, ask them to make the call while you start CPR straight away. Why Calling Emergency Services Early Matters When someone collapses or appears unconscious, help must be requested as quickly as possible. The emergency medical services (EMS) dispatcher can rapidly assess the situation and determine the most appropriate response. Waiting to decide what to do wastes valuable time. The sooner EMS are activated, the greater the chance of survival. CPR alone is not enough if professional help is not on the way. An AED and advanced care are essential. For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival falls by around 10%. Early CPR combined with rapid EMS activation significantly improves outcomes. What to Do If More Than One Rescuer Is Present If there is more than one rescuer available: One rescuer should start CPR immediately The other should call emergency services and look for an AED This teamwork minimises delays and maximises the chance of successful resuscitation. What to Do If You Are Alone If you are alone with the casualty: Call emergency services on speakerphone Do not leave the casualty to look for an AED Start CPR immediately The EMS will bring an AED. By starting CPR early, you increase the likelihood that defibrillation will be successful when it arrives. Leaving the casualty to search for an AED reduces blood flow to the brain and lowers their chance of survival. Minimising Interruptions to CPR Keeping chest compressions going is critical. If the casualty is an infant or small child, it may be possible to carry them with you while summoning help, reducing interruptions to CPR. Once you have called EMS, the dispatcher can: Guide you through full CPR, or Support you with chest-compression-only CPR Using speakerphone allows you to receive clear, step-by-step instructions while continuing life-saving care. Key Points to Remember Call emergency services as soon as the casualty is unresponsive Use speakerphone so you can start CPR immediately Do not delay CPR to look for an AED if you are alone Early CPR and early EMS activation save lives Act fast, keep compressions going, and get help on the way. These actions give the casualty the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3505/When_to_call_for_Assistance.jpg Yes 112 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/compression-only-cpr-hcp https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3576.mp4 Compression only CPR Healthcare Professional Chest-Only Compressions CPR Guide Understanding the critical technique of performing chest-only compressions for CPR, an alternative method when rescue breaths are not possible. Introduction to Chest-Only CPR Chest-only compressions CPR is a lifesaving technique employed when providing rescue breaths is not feasible due to various reasons such as lack of personal protective equipment, presence of vomit, or facial injuries. Why Choose Chest-Only Compressions? Effective in circulating trapped oxygen in the bloodstream. Facilitates minimal air exchange by compressing and releasing the chest. Can sustain life until professional help arrives. Procedure for Chest-Only CPR Scene Safety: Ensure the area is safe before approaching the casualty. Assessing the Casualty: Check for responsiveness and breathing after opening the airway. Calling for Help: Immediately call emergency services if the casualty is not breathing. Performing Compressions: Deliver continuous chest compressions at a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres and a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Executing Compressions Effectively Interlock your hands and press down on the centre of the chest, ensuring to maintain the correct depth and rate without interruption for rescue breaths. Communication and Rotation Utilise speakerphone or bystander assistance to maintain communication with emergency services. Rotate with a second rescuer every two minutes to maintain the effectiveness of compressions. Key Points to Remember Continuous chest compressions can still allow for minimal air exchange. Maintain consistent compression depth and rate for maximum effectiveness. Collaboration and clear communication enhance the rescue effort. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6395/Compression_only_CPR_Healthcare_Professional-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-hp https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3572.mp4 Adult CPR Healthcare Professionals - Out of hospital Comprehensive Guide to Adult CPR Learn the essential steps for performing CPR on adults, crucial for healthcare professionals and first aid responders. This guide demonstrates the procedure to ensure readiness in emergency situations. Scene Safety and Initial Response Scene Safety: Always ensure the scene is safe before approaching the casualty. Remember to stop, think, and act. Checking Responsiveness: Attempt to get a response by introducing yourself and gently tapping the casualty on the collarbone. Airway Management Use the head tilt-chin lift method to open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. Activating Emergency Services Call 999 or 112 if the casualty is not breathing, using a speakerphone to continue CPR if alone or sending someone to call for help and retrieve an AED. Performing Chest Compressions Position your hands correctly on the centre of the chest and perform 30 compressions at a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres, following a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Providing Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, deliver two rescue breaths, ensuring the chest rises with each breath. Avoid over-inflation. CPR Cycle Continuation Repeat the cycle of 30 compressions and two breaths, swapping rescuers every two minutes to maintain CPR efficiency until professional help arrives or an AED is deployed. Using Barriers for Mouth-to-Mouth Consider using face shields, pocket masks, or BVMs for hygiene and effectiveness in delivering rescue breaths. Key Takeaways Ensure quick action once identifying a casualty in need. Maintain consistent and effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. Utilise available resources, such as AEDs and barrier devices, for enhanced safety and efficiency. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/6391/Adult_CPR_Healthcare_Professionals_-_Out_of_hospital-01.jpg Yes 316 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/drowning https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/708.mp4 Drowning Responding to Suspected Drowning Incidents 1. Prioritize Safety First When encountering a suspected drowning victim who is unresponsive and not breathing, prioritize safety for yourself and others. 2. Assess the Situation Begin this scenario with the victim on their back, considering potential water-related hazards such as cold water, underwater obstructions, soft beds, or strong currents. 3. Drowning vs. Office Situation Recognize the distinction between a drowning victim and someone not breathing in an office setting. Drowning is more likely due to a respiratory problem. 4. Providing Treatment If someone is present, send them to call the EMS; otherwise, continue with care. Open the airway and check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, administer five rescue breaths initially. Follow with 30 compressions and two breaths, repeating for one minute. If alone, leave to call for help, following the "call fast approach." Continue CPR with 30 compressions and two breaths until EMS arrives or instructs otherwise. 5. Importance of Initial Rescue Breaths Delivering five initial rescue breaths aims to restart breathing and assess signs of life before proceeding with CPR. 6. Consistency with Child Drowning Protocol It's noteworthy that the sequence for responding to drowning is the same for children aged 1 to 18. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1213/Drowning.jpg Yes 122 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/seizures-and-cardiac-arrest https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3268.mp4 Seizures and Cardiac Arrest Recognizing Cardiac Arrest during Seizures 1. Resuscitation Council Guidelines The Resuscitation Council's guidelines emphasize the importance of identifying cardiac arrest in unresponsive individuals not breathing normally. Bystanders and emergency medical dispatchers should maintain suspicion of cardiac arrest in patients with seizures. Careful assessment of breathing should be conducted in such cases. 2. Treating Unresponsive Individuals When encountering an unresponsive individual not breathing normally, it is crucial to treat the situation as a potential cardiac arrest and initiate CPR. 3. Suspicion during Seizures If you come across someone experiencing a seizure, always consider the possibility of cardiac arrest and verify their breathing status. During a seizure, the patient's breathing may pause briefly, typically resuming within 10 to 15 seconds. In some cases, breathing cessation may extend up to a minute. 4. Continuous Breathing Monitoring Remain vigilant for signs of cardiac arrest during a seizure episode by continuously monitoring the patient's breathing until they recover. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5719/Seizures_and_Cardiac_Arrest-01.jpg Yes 73 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/oxygen-for-first-aid https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/707.mp4 Oxygen for First Aid Oxygen Administration in Emergency Care Benefits of Oxygen in Emergencies Oxygen therapy is crucial in various medical scenarios such as shock or heart attacks. Enhancing oxygen concentration in the body significantly boosts the odds of survival, especially during CPR. Oxygen Safety and the Fire Triangle Caution: Oxygen is a key component of the Fire Triangle, implying a risk of fire. Mitigate this by maintaining equipment properly and ensuring secure storage. Transporting Oxygen Safely When transporting oxygen in a vehicle, display a sign indicating its presence. This ensures emergency services are aware in case of an accident. Storing Oxygen Tanks Store oxygen tanks upright to prevent damage. Use the carry handle for safe handling. Operating the Oxygen Tank Regulator and Gauge: The regulator manages oxygen flow, and the gauge indicates remaining oxygen. Valve Operation: Open the valve gently to start the flow, avoiding forceful handling. Utilising Non-rebreather Masks Non-rebreather masks, suitable for conscious or unconscious breathing patients, provide nearly 100% oxygen. Communicate clearly with the patient to ease discomfort and ensure effective usage. Contraindications and Cautions In certain conditions like COPD, administering pure oxygen can be detrimental. Always assess the patient's medical history before oxygen therapy. Post-Use Procedures After emergency services take over, responsibly pack away the equipment. Safely dispose of the mask, turn off and store the tank, or arrange for its refill. Conclusion Oxygen therapy is a potent tool in emergency care. Its proper usage, combined with safety and maintenance protocols, can save lives while minimizing risks. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1211/Oxygen_for_First_Aid-01.jpg Yes 426 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/newborn-cpr-for-bls-healthcare-professionals https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/3264.mp4 Newborn CPR for BLS Healthcare Professionals Newborn CPR Guidelines for Healthcare Professionals This document outlines the basic CPR guidelines tailored for healthcare professionals when assisting newborns. These protocols differ significantly from those applied to older infants, reflecting the unique physiological conditions and needs of newborns. Understanding Newborn Conditions Newborns' physical state at birth can vary widely, from healthy and vigorous to critically ill. Recognising these conditions promptly is vital: Healthy Newborns: Typically appear blue but quickly gain colour, demonstrating good muscle tone and a heart rate between 120-150 beats per minute. Less Healthy Newborns: May remain blue, show reduced muscle tone, and have a heart rate below 100 beats per minute. Seriously Ill Newborns: Present with pallor, lack of muscle tone, no breathing effort, and a slow or undetectable heart rate. Initial Steps in Newborn CPR Immediate actions are crucial for stabilising the newborn: Ensure the baby is warm and dry, placing them on their back with the head in a neutral position. Assess the baby's tone, breathing, and heart rate, and record these vital signs. If there's no breathing or only gasping after 30 seconds, seek help and consider monitoring oxygen levels. Open the airway and deliver five inflation breaths, reassessing the heart rate afterwards. Advancing Care If there's no improvement, re-open the airway and repeat the inflation breaths, considering two-person airway control if feasible. Initiate chest compressions if the heart rate is below 60 bpm, following a 3:1 compression to breath ratio. Continuously monitor vital signs every 30 seconds throughout resuscitation. Additional Considerations Further actions may include: Establishing venous access for drug administration. Adjusting oxygen levels based on oximetry readings. Communication and Teamwork Keeping the parents informed and conducting a debrief with the healthcare team are critical final steps. Note: This guide is intended for healthcare professionals trained in newborn resuscitation and not for laypersons or standard first aiders. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5715/Newborn_CPR_for_BLS_Healthcare_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 123 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/course-summary-optionalblended https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4815.mp4 Course Summary Congratulations on Completing Your Course! Flexible Learning Options Our courses offer the flexibility of 100% online learning. Additionally, you have the option to enhance your skills with a practical session. Practical Skills Session If you prefer hands-on training, our approved and monitored instructors can conduct practical skills sessions at your workplace, regional training centres, or even virtually through our online training platform. Locating a Local Instructor If you need assistance finding a nearby instructor or wish to arrange a workplace visit, please get in touch with us via phone, email, or our online chat feature. Access and Review You'll have access to the course for eight months, allowing you to revisit and refresh your skills. Keep an eye out for any new instructional videos we may add. Course Test Now, it's time to take the course test. You have the opportunity to review videos, documents, and student resources before starting the test. Test Guidelines The test has no time limit but must be completed in one sitting. Questions include multiple-choice and true/false. Incorrect answers prompt additional guidance, and you can make different choices without affecting your final score. Adaptive Testing System Our adaptive testing system ensures that each participant receives different questions. Successful completion of each course section is required. If you don't pass a section, extra questions will be provided, and you can retake the test after reviewing course materials. Completion Certificates Once you pass the test, you can print your completion certificate. Visit the course homepage anytime to print your Certified CPD statement and evidence-based learning statement. Explore Our Offerings ProTrainings offers a wide range of courses, with over 300 available at regional centres or your workplace. Many are offered as remote virtual courses, with live online instruction. Contact Us For course inquiries or group training solutions, please reach out to us at 01206 805359 or via email at support@protrainings.uk. Thank you for selecting ProTrainings! Best of luck with your test. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8581/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/universal-precautions- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2685.mp4 Universal Precautions Universal Precautions for Healthcare Providers in Out-of-Hospital Settings For healthcare professionals, maintaining safety and hygiene outside the clinical environment is crucial. This guide revisits the essentials of universal precautions to ensure your protection in various settings. Gaining Consent Before assisting anyone, it's vital to obtain their consent. If the individual is unconscious, assume consent to provide necessary aid, acting within the scope of your training and in good faith. Infection Protection Minimizing infection risk is paramount: Use of Disposable Gloves: Always carry disposable gloves and ensure they are the correct size and free from defects before use. Proper Glove Usage: Carefully don the gloves to avoid tearing, paying attention to rings and nails. Ensure maximum coverage up to the wrist. Safe Glove Removal: Remove gloves without touching the exterior to prevent skin contact with contaminated surfaces. Dispose of gloves properly in sealable bio-hazard bags. Changing Gloves Change gloves between treating different individuals to prevent cross-infection. Managing Sharps Dispose of used sharps in designated containers to mitigate infection risk. In non-hospital settings, coordinate with emergency services for safe disposal. Resuscitation Precautions Outside of hospital settings, use pocket masks or face shields for resuscitations to protect against infection. Hand Hygiene When hand-washing facilities are unavailable, use hand gel as an alternative, ensuring thorough application. Assessing the Scene Always evaluate potential hazards in the environment before providing assistance. Prioritize your safety to ensure you can provide help without putting yourself at risk. Conclusion By adhering to these universal precautions, healthcare providers can maintain their safety and hygiene when assisting individuals outside of hospital settings. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4795/Universal_Precautions-01.jpg Yes 259 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/aed-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/107.mp4 AED Introduction Understanding Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) 1. What is an AED? An AED, or automatic external defibrillator, explained. There is a common misconception that AEDs restart the heart, but their role is to interrupt abnormal heart activity. 2. AEDs and Heart Function Understanding how AEDs work to restore a normal heart rhythm. Electric activity in the heart can lead to abnormal twitching rather than a meaningful pulse. An AED delivers a shock to interrupt this electric activity, allowing the heart's natural pacemakers to restart it in a normal rhythm. AEDs advise a shock only when detecting specific shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). 3. Types of AED Units Exploring different AED models and their operation. Semi-automatic AEDs require manual activation of the shock button when advised. Automatic AEDs initiate shocks automatically when necessary. 4. Future AED Videos Stay tuned for upcoming videos that delve into AEDs in greater detail and provide guidance on their usage. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/167/AED_Introduction-01.jpg Yes 106 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/infant-cpr-healthcare-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/288.mp4 Infant CPR for Health Professionals Infant CPR for Healthcare Professionals This guide outlines the essential steps for healthcare professionals to perform CPR on infants, highlighting the differences from first aid procedures and the importance of quick and appropriate action. CPR Guidelines Overview Healthcare professionals face two CPR guideline options based on the environment: the standard first aider approach (30 compressions to 2 breaths) and the healthcare professional approach (15 compressions to 2 breaths). Preparation and Consent Ensure scene safety, wear protective gloves, and obtain consent if possible. Assess the infant's responsiveness and, in the absence of any signs of life, prepare to initiate CPR. Opening the Airway Perform a head tilt-chin lift to open the airway, ensuring it's in a neutral position to avoid obstruction. Assessment and Activation of Assistance Check for breathing for 10 seconds. If no breathing is detected, activate emergency services, especially if performing CPR solo. Delivering Initial Breaths Seal your mouth over the infant's mouth and nose to deliver five initial breaths, observing for chest rise without overinflation. Performing Chest Compressions Use two fingers to perform 15 compressions at a third of the chest depth, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Alternate Compression Method For healthcare settings, an alternative method using thumbs for compressions may be used, especially when CPR is performed by multiple responders. Continuing CPR Cycle After initial compressions and breaths, continue the cycle of 15 compressions to 2 breaths until assistance arrives or the infant shows signs of life. Conclusion Healthcare professionals must adapt their CPR technique based on their professional judgment and the specific situation, always aiming to provide the most effective care for the infant in distress. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/523/Infant_CPR_for_Health_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 313 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adolescent-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7110.mp4 Adolescent CPR How to Perform CPR on an Adolescent (13–18 Years) In this training film, we will cover how to perform CPR on an adolescent aged between 13 and 18 years. Although cardiac arrest in young people is less common than in adults, it can still occur due to breathing problems, traumatic injury, or sudden collapse. Delivering high-quality CPR is essential and can significantly improve their chance of survival. Initial Safety Checks Ensure the area is safe for both you and the adolescent before approaching. Gently shake their shoulder or tap it and call loudly: “Are you OK?” Calling for Help If they do not respond: Shout for help immediately. If you are alone, call 999 straight away, place the phone on speaker, and begin CPR without delay. The emergency call handler will guide you through the process. If someone else is available, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker if possible, and fetch an AED while you start CPR. Assessing Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift manoeuvre. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the adolescent is not breathing or their breathing is abnormal (gasping or irregular), start CPR immediately. Rescue Breaths Matter In adolescents, cardiac arrest often relates to breathing difficulties or trauma, which means rescue breaths are especially important. Give 5 Initial Rescue Breaths Seal your mouth over theirs. Pinch the nose closed. Blow gently for one second per breath and watch for the chest rising. Chest Compressions Deliver 15 chest compressions immediately after the initial breaths. Place your hands in the centre of the chest, on the upper half of the sternum between the nipples. Push down to a depth of 5-6cm. Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute. Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Aim to minimise any interruptions. Continue the CPR Cycle After the initial breaths and compressions, continue CPR following this pattern: 15 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat this cycle until help arrives or the adolescent begins to show signs of recovery. Using an AED on an Adolescent If an AED is available, switch it on immediately, even if you are partway through a CPR cycle. Continue CPR while attaching the pads. Follow the AED’s voice prompts. Use adult pads if paediatric pads are not available. Pad placement for adolescents is the same as for adults. When to Stop CPR Continue CPR until one of the following occurs: The adolescent starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as moving, speaking, or opening their eyes. The emergency services arrive and take over. You become physically unable to continue—if so, try to pass CPR on to someone else. High-quality CPR can make a critical difference in an adolescent’s chance of survival. Acting quickly and confidently is key. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12844/Adolescent_CPR.jpg Yes 168 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/recognition-of-cardio-respiratory-arrest-healthcare-provider https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1949.mp4 Recognition of cardio respiratory arrest - healthcare provider Guidelines on Immediate CPR and Signs of Life Assessment Understanding when to initiate CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is crucial for both healthcare providers and laypersons in emergency situations. This guide outlines the recommended practices for assessing signs of life and starting CPR. Assessing Signs of Life Identifying signs of life is the first step in determining the need for CPR. Reliance solely on feeling for a pulse may lead to delays or inaccuracies in initiating life-saving procedures. Signs to Look For: Look for responses to stimuli, natural breathing patterns, or spontaneous movements as indicators of life. Lay Rescuers: Individuals without medical training should not attempt to assess a pulse but rather focus on visible signs of life. Healthcare Providers: If attempting to feel for a pulse, be sure of its presence to justify not starting CPR, noting that other signs of life should also be present. Timeframe for Decision The decision to commence CPR should be made swiftly, ideally within 10 seconds after beginning the assessment. In cases of doubt, it's safer to start CPR. CPR Technique While ventilation is an important aspect of CPR, compression-only CPR is encouraged if the rescuer is unable or unwilling to provide breaths. Compression-Only CPR: Encourage rescuers to perform compression-only CPR if they cannot provide breaths, to ensure the victim receives immediate assistance. Paediatric CPR: All rescuers should start CPR using the familiar adult compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2, even for children, if paediatric techniques are not known. Advanced Techniques for Children Specific paediatric CPR techniques, including a 15:2 compression to ventilation ratio, are recommended for those likely to encounter child resuscitation scenarios. Conclusion Initiating CPR without delay in the absence of definitive signs of life can significantly increase survival chances. Both laypersons and healthcare professionals should prioritize quick action over detailed assessments that could delay response times. ``` https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3511/Recognition_of_cardio_respiratory_arrest_-_healthcare_provider-01.jpg Yes 123 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/effective-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1389.mp4 Effective CPR Understanding CPR: The Heart, Cardiac Arrest, and the Importance of Compressions Knowing how the heart functions and the impact of cardiac arrest is crucial for delivering effective CPR. You can keep blood circulating with proper compressions until a defibrillator becomes available. How the Heart Functions The heart's natural pacemaker, the Sinoatrial Node, sends regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (Atrium) to the bottom chamber (Ventricle). This process keeps the heart pumping blood. In cardiac arrest, this normal functioning is disrupted, often due to electrolyte imbalances, potassium interference, or heart-related issues. Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation During cardiac arrest, the heart's electrical pathways are disrupted, causing the heart to experience ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. In this state, defibrillation is necessary to restore normal heart function. Effective CPR and Chest Compressions While waiting for an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), perform effective CPR: Push down 5-6cm at 100-120 beats per minute. Place hands in the centre of the chest. Maintain a straight posture and use body weight. Switch rescuers every two minutes for optimal CPR. Allow the chest to recoil fully between compressions. The Role of AEDs AEDs work by passing electricity through the heart, momentarily stunning it and allowing the heart's pacemaker to restore normal function. In cases of cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen, the AED may indicate that no shock is necessary. Continue CPR and monitor the patient until emergency services arrive. Remember: Anyone can perform CPR. The key is to maintain the correct rate and depth of compressions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2505/Effective__CPR-01.jpg Yes 357 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/thumb-use-infant-cpr https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5284.mp4 Thumb use infant CPR Infant CPR: Thumbs Compression Method This instructional guide demonstrates an alternative method for performing chest compressions on infants using the thumbs. This technique may be preferred by some individuals for its ease of application. Overview of Thumbs Compression Method The thumbs compression method involves a specific technique for delivering effective chest compressions to an infant in distress. This method requires the use of both thumbs to compress the chest, supported by the hands encircling the infant's torso. Initial Steps Rescue Breaths: Begin with five rescue breaths to ensure oxygen flow before starting chest compressions. Timing for Assistance: If conducting CPR solo, perform CPR for one minute before seeking additional help. Compression Technique Positioning: Use both thumbs to compress the chest, positioning them in the centre of the chest, just as you would with the two-finger technique. Depth of Compressions: Ensure compressions are at least one-third of the chest's depth, approximately four centimetres for infants. Rate of Compressions: Maintain a compression rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Hand Placement: Place both hands on either side of the infant's chest to stabilise and deliver adequate compressions. Benefits of the Thumbs Compression Method This method offers an alternative for healthcare providers and rescuers who may find it more comfortable or effective than the standard two-finger technique. Conclusion Choosing between the thumbs compression method and the traditional two-finger technique depends on the rescuer's preference and comfort. Both methods aim to provide effective chest compressions to support the infant's circulatory function during CPR. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9362/Thumb_use_infant_CPR-01.jpg Yes 55 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/paediatric-cpr-introduction https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/737.mp4 Child CPR for Healthcare Professionals CPR for Healthcare Professionals Understanding the nuances of Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for healthcare professionals, including the differences from standard first aid practices and adaptations for children and infants. Introduction to CPR Variations CPR guidelines vary between first aiders and healthcare professionals, with specific adaptations for children and infants. It's essential for healthcare professionals to be familiar with these distinctions and apply them according to their work setting. Differences in CPR Techniques The primary variation in CPR for healthcare professionals lies in the compression ratios, especially for children and infants, where the ratio changes from 30:2 to 15:2. This section details the procedure and the rationale behind the adjustments. Adapting to Your Environment Understanding Local Rules: Healthcare settings may have specific CPR protocols. Consult with your resuscitation officer for guidance. Outside the Hospital: When responding to emergencies in non-clinical settings, healthcare professionals must adapt their approach while maintaining their duty to respond. Communication is Key Effective communication with bystanders, first aiders, or family members is crucial in emergency situations. Emphasizing the importance of clear instructions and sensitivity to others' emotional states during such critical times. Conclusion For healthcare professionals, the ability to switch between standard first aid and professional CPR protocols, depending on the setting and the patient's age, is vital. Awareness of local policies and clear communication with those involved can significantly impact the outcome of CPR efforts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1361/Child_CPR_for_Healthcare_Professionals-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/child-aed-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/236.mp4 Child AED Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Use (Ages 1–12) If you find a child aged between 1 and 12 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, you must act quickly. Early CPR and rapid defibrillation give the child the best possible chance of survival. Because this age group covers a wide range of sizes and weights, CPR techniques are adapted to suit the child in front of you. Calling for Help If the child is unresponsive: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether the child is breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Immediately In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by breathing problems. For this reason: Start with five rescue breaths. Then begin chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to around one-third of its depth. Allow full chest recoil after each compression. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 breaths. Do not pause CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on a Child Use the AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Pad Placement Ensure the child’s chest is bare and dry. Children under approximately 25 kg (usually under 8 years) Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back placement ensures the electrical shock passes through the heart. Children over approximately 25 kg Place one pad on the centre of the chest. Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the child. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The child shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on children. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a child’s life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/419/Child_AED.jpg Yes 177 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/rcuk-erc-resus-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7112.mp4 RCUK and ERC Resus Guidelines Why the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC Guidelines Matter The Resuscitation Council UK (RCUK) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) set the official, evidence-based standards for CPR and first aid across the UK and Europe. These are the guidelines that every trainer, training provider, workplace, and first aider is expected to follow. All of our CPR and first aid courses are built around these trusted and regularly updated recommendations. What Is the Resuscitation Council UK? The Resuscitation Council UK is the nation’s leading authority on resuscitation science. It develops evidence-based guidelines covering: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Paediatric resuscitation (infants, children, adolescents) CPR guidance for both healthcare professionals and lay responders The RCUK ensures that the UK follows safe, consistent, clinically proven methods in all resuscitation training and emergency response. What Is the European Resuscitation Council? The ERC sets the Europe-wide standards for CPR and emergency care. It works closely with national bodies, including the Resuscitation Council UK, and contributes to global research through the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). This collaboration ensures that CPR and first aid practices are aligned with the latest international scientific evidence. Why These Guidelines Are Important for You CPR and first aid guidance evolves as new evidence, clinical studies, and real-world data become available. These guidelines affect: What instructors teach during CPR and first aid courses How course content is structured The techniques you will learn and need to use during an emergency The recommended sequence of actions when someone collapses or stops breathing In short, the Resuscitation Council UK and ERC shape exactly how CPR and first aid should be performed to give someone the best chance of survival. Guidelines Backed by Extensive Research Each update is based on thousands of scientific papers, clinical reviews, expert analysis, and real-life experience. This means that when the RCUK and ERC release new recommendations, they represent the most effective and up-to-date approach to saving lives. The Latest Guidelines We Teach All of our courses follow the latest Resuscitation Council UK and ERC guidelines, released in late 2025 and scheduled for review in 2030. If you have trained with us before, you will notice some important changes—these updates are designed to: Increase survival rates in cardiac arrest Improve outcomes in first aid emergencies Ensure every rescuer uses the most effective, evidence-based methods What This Means for Learners Whether you are refreshing your skills or learning for the first time, these updated guidelines ensure you are trained to the highest and most current standards. In a real emergency, this knowledge can make the difference between life and death. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12838/RCUK___ERC_Resus_Guidelines.jpg Yes 101 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/advanced-decision-and-dnr-cpr-in-basic-life-support https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2907.mp4 Advanced Decision and DNR CPR in Basic Life Support Respecting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders in Emergency Care This guide provides essential information about understanding and respecting DNR orders during resuscitation scenarios. What are DNR Orders? DNR orders are legal directives made by patients, often those with terminal illnesses, choosing not to undergo resuscitation efforts at the end of life. These decisions are made in consultation with medical professionals and family members. Identification of DNR Orders DNR orders are usually documented on a red form, signed by the patient, their GP, and nursing staff. The patient's cognitive ability to make such a decision is crucial during the process. Protocol for Healthcare Providers Presence of DNR Orders During an Emergency It is mandatory for a DNR order to be physically present and accessible during a cardiac arrest or at the time of death. Family members should be able to present the DNR order to healthcare providers before resuscitation begins. Actions in the Absence of DNR Orders In cases where a DNR order is not readily available or there is uncertainty, healthcare providers have a duty of care to initiate resuscitation. Always verify the existence of a DNR order before ceasing resuscitation efforts. Guidance for Responding to DNR Orders Verification is Key If informed about a DNR order verbally, request to see the document. If in doubt, proceed with resuscitation until further clarification is obtained. Legal Protection for Rescuers Attempting resuscitation in the absence of a DNR order is legally protected. It is better to err on the side of caution and begin resuscitation until qualified medical personnel arrive or until you receive official confirmation to stop. Conclusion DNR orders are vital in respecting the end-of-life wishes of patients. However, in emergency situations, always seek to confirm the presence of a DNR order before altering standard resuscitation procedures. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5207/Advanced_Decision_and_DNR_CPR_in_Basic_Life_Support-01.jpg Yes 177 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/using-an-aed-on-an-infant https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7080.mp4 Using an AED on an infant Using an AED on an Infant: UK Resuscitation Council 2025 Guidance Although infants very rarely experience a shockable heart rhythm, the use of an AED can still be lifesaving when cardiac arrest occurs. High-quality CPR remains the foundation of care. However, if an AED is available, it should be used without delay. Current guidance confirms that AEDs are safe to use on infants and should not be withheld when they are needed. Key Steps for Using an AED on an Infant Call for help immediately.As soon as you know the infant is not breathing, call 999. Ask a bystander to fetch an AED if one is available. Start CPR straight away.Begin CPR immediately. Do not delay compressions and rescue breaths while waiting for an AED. Continue CPR while preparing the AED.When the AED arrives, switch it on while CPR continues. Minimise any pauses while the pads are prepared and applied. Apply the AED pads. If paediatric pads are available, use them. If paediatric pads are not available, use adult pads. Do not delay defibrillation to wait for paediatric pads. Correct pad placement. Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left side. Place the second pad on the back, between the shoulder blades. This front-and-back positioning ensures the heart sits between the pads. Follow the AED prompts.Allow the AED to analyse the heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the infant during analysis or shock delivery. Resume CPR immediately.If a shock is delivered, restart CPR straight away and continue for two minutes before the AED re-analyses. Continue until emergency services arrive or the infant shows signs of life. Why Speed Matters When an infant suffers cardiac arrest, every second counts. Early CPR, rapid AED use, and following the device prompts give the infant the best possible chance of survival. Important 2025 Guideline Updates AED use in infants is now explicitly included in the 2025 UK Resuscitation Council guidelines. Pad positioning has changed slightly. Some AED pad diagrams may still show a central chest position. For infants, the front pad should be placed slightly to the left side of the chest. Some AEDs may not mention infant use, but they are safe to use on infants when cardiac arrest is suspected. Key Message Start CPR quickly. Use the AED without hesitation. Follow the prompts. Prompt, confident action can make a lifesaving difference for an infant in cardiac arrest. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12826/Using_an_AED_on_an_infant.jpg Yes 142 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/using-an-aed-on-an-adolescent https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7116.mp4 Using an AED on an adolescent CPR and AED Use for an Unresponsive Adolescent (Ages 13–18) If you find an adolescent aged 13 to 18 years who is unresponsive and not breathing normally, the resuscitation approach is slightly different from that used for adults. Acting quickly and confidently can make a life-saving difference. What to Do First If the adolescent is unresponsive and not breathing normally: Call 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance. If you are unsure whether they are breathing normally, treat them as though they are not. Put your phone on speaker so the call handler can guide you. Start CPR Straight Away In adolescents, cardiac arrest is often linked to breathing problems. For this reason: Begin with five rescue breaths. Then start chest compressions. Chest Compressions Compress the chest to a depth of 5–6 cm. Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute. Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR while someone is fetching an AED. Using an AED on an Adolescent Use an AED as soon as it arrives. Switch the AED on and follow the voice and visual prompts. If available, use a paediatric mode or paediatric pads, which reduce shock energy for smaller bodies. If paediatric settings are not available, use adult pads and settings. Never delay defibrillation. Correct Pad Placement Ensure the chest is bare and dry. Place one pad on the top right side of the chest. Place the other pad under the left armpit. This is the same pad placement used for adults. During AED Analysis and Shock When the AED says “Stand clear”, ensure no one is touching the adolescent. If a shock is advised, make sure everyone stays clear while it is delivered. Restart chest compressions immediately after the shock, or if no shock is advised. Continue CPR Until Professional help arrives and takes over, or The adolescent shows clear signs of life, or You are physically unable to continue. Key Safety Message AEDs are extremely safe to use on adolescents. They will only deliver a shock if it is needed. Early CPR and early defibrillation dramatically improve survival rates. The most important thing is to act quickly, confidently, and without delay. Your actions could save a young life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12894/Using_an_AED_on_an_adolescent.jpg Yes 143 https://www.procpr.co.uk/training/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210